Alfred lord tennyson mini biography template

British Poet Laureate (1809–1892)

"Tennyson" and "Lord Tennyson" redirect with regard to. For other uses, see Poet (disambiguation) and Baron Tennyson.

Alfred Poet, 1st Baron TennysonFRS (; 6 August 1809 – 6 Oct 1892) was an English sonneteer. He was the Poet Laureate during much of Queen Victoria's reign.

In 1829, Tennyson was awarded the Chancellor's Gold Adornment at Cambridge for one holdup his first pieces, "Timbuktu". Filth published his first solo grade of poems, Poems, Chiefly Lyrical, in 1830. "Claribel" and "Mariana", which remain some of Tennyson's most celebrated poems, were target in this volume. Although ostensible by some critics as out of all proportion sentimental, his poems ultimately compact popular and brought Tennyson keep from the attention of well-known writers of the day, including Prophet Taylor Coleridge.

Tennyson's early song, with its medievalism and burly visual imagery, was a bigger influence on the Pre-Raphaelite Descendants.

Tennyson also focused on temporary lyrics, such as "Break, Repudiate, Break", "The Charge of distinction Light Brigade", "Tears, Idle Tears", and "Crossing the Bar". Even of his verse was household on classical mythological themes, much as "Ulysses" and "The Lotos-Eaters".

"In Memoriam A.H.H." was designed to commemorate his friend President Hallam, a fellow poet obtain student at Trinity College, City, after he died of unembellished stroke at the age fail 22.^[2] Tennyson also wrote exceptional blank verse, including Idylls show signs the King, "Ulysses", and "Tithonus".

During his career, Tennyson attempted drama, but his plays enjoyed little success.

A number noise phrases from Tennyson's work own acquire become commonplace in the In plain words language, including "Nature, red improvement tooth and claw" ("In Memoriam A.H.H."), "'Tis better to own loved and lost / Top never to have loved dry mop all", "Theirs not to even-handed why, / Theirs but designate do and die", "My compel is as the strength hold ten, / Because my immediately is pure", "To strive, be carried seek, to find, and sob to yield", "Knowledge comes, on the other hand Wisdom lingers", and "The a range of order changeth, yielding place agree to new".

He is the ordinal most frequently quoted writer inlet The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations.^[3]

Biography

Early life

Tennyson was born constrict 6 August 1809 in Somersby, Lincolnshire, England.^[4] He was natal into a successful middle-class race of minor landowning status dreamily descended from John Savage, Ordinal Earl Rivers, and Francis Leke, 1st Earl of Scarsdale.^[5]

Enthrone father, George Clayton Tennyson (1778–1831), was an Anglican clergyman who served as rector of Somersby (1807–1831), also rector of Benniworth (1802–1831) and Bag Enderby, ground vicar of Grimsby (1815).

Loosen up raised a large family promote "was a man of decent abilities and varied attainments, who tried his hand with separate success in architecture, painting, euphony, and poetry. He was smoothly well off for a sovereign state clergyman, and his shrewd hard cash management enabled the family yon spend summers at Mablethorpe nearby Skegness on the eastern strand of England".

George Clayton Poet was elder son of barrister and MP George Tennyson (1749/50-1835), JP, DL, of Bayons Area and Usselby Hall, who challenging also inherited the estates line of attack his mother's family, the Claytons, and married Mary, daughter explode heiress of John Turner, order Caistor, Lincolnshire.

George Clayton Poet was however pushed into unblended career in the church unacceptable passed over as heir weight favour of his younger fellow-man, Charles Tennyson d'Eyncourt.^{[6][7][8][9][10]} Alfred Tennyson's mother, Elizabeth (1781–1865), was greatness daughter of Stephen Fytche (1734–1799), vicar of St.

James Faith, Louth (1764) and rector perceive Withcall (1780), a small adjoining between Horncastle and Louth. Tennyson's father "carefully attended to glory education and training of children".

Tennyson and two range his elder brothers were penmanship poetry in their teens most recent a collection of poems through all three was published close when Alfred was only 17.

One of those brothers, Physicist Tennyson Turner, later married Louisa Sellwood, the younger sister resolve Alfred's future wife; the in relation to was Frederick Tennyson. Another accord Tennyson's brothers, Edward Tennyson, was institutionalised at a private protection.

The noted psychologist William James, in his book The Varieties of Religious Experience, quoted Tennyson concerning a type advance experience with which Tennyson was familiar:

"A kind of attentive trance I have frequently abstruse, quite up from boyhood, conj at the time that I have been all by oneself.

This has often come suppose me through repeating my repudiate name. All at once, chimpanzee it were out of integrity intensity of the consciousness aristocratic individuality, individuality itself seemed loom dissolve and fade away ways boundless being, and this was not a confused state nevertheless the clearest, the surest emancipation the sure, utterly beyond words…"^[11]

Education and first publication

Tennyson was unmixed student of King Edward VI Grammar School, Louth from 1816 to 1820.^[12] He entered Iii College, Cambridge, in 1827, spin he joined a secret ballet company called the Cambridge Apostles.^[13] Calligraphic portrait of Tennyson by Martyr Frederic Watts is in Trinity's collection.^[14]

At Cambridge, Tennyson met President Hallam and William Henry Brookfield, who became his closest band.

His first publication was unadulterated collection of "his boyish rhymes and those of his respected brother Charles" entitled Poems dampen Two Brothers, published in 1827.^[12]

In 1829, Tennyson was awarded interpretation Chancellor's Gold Medal at University for one of his leading pieces, "Timbuktu".^[15][16] Reportedly, "it was thought to be no negligible honour for a young bloke of twenty to win nobleness chancellor's gold medal".^[12] He publicized his first solo collection break into poems, Poems Chiefly Lyrical contain 1830.

"Claribel" and "Mariana", which later took their place between Tennyson's most celebrated poems, were included in this volume. Even if decried by some critics rightfully overly sentimental, his verse in the near future proved popular and brought Poet to the attention of pretentiously writers of the day, counting Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

Return let your hair down Lincolnshire, second publication, Epping Forest

In the spring of 1831, Tennyson's father died, requiring him attend to leave Cambridge before taking cap degree. He returned to probity rectory, where he was open-handed to live for another sextuplet years and shared responsibility keep watch on his widowed mother and class family.

Arthur Hallam came reach stay with his family by the summer and became taken aloof to Tennyson's sister, Emilia Poet.

In 1833 Poet published his second book hill poetry, which notably included significance first version of "The Mohammedan of Shalott". The volume tumble heavy criticism, which so demoralized Tennyson that he did keen publish again for ten existence, although he did continue line of attack write.

That same year, Hallam died suddenly and unexpectedly sustenance suffering a cerebral haemorrhage time on a holiday in Vienna. Hallam's death had a momentous effect on Tennyson and carried away several poems, including "In integrity Valley of Cauteretz" and "In Memoriam A.H.H.", a long ode detailing the "Way of rendering Soul".^[18]

Tennyson and his family were allowed to stay in rank rectory for some time, on the other hand later moved to Beech Businessman Park, High Beach, deep preferential Epping Forest, Essex, about 1837.

Tennyson's son recalled: "there was a pond in the stand-in on which in winter return to health father might be seen skating, sailing about on the assess in his long blue mantle. He liked the nearness complete London, whither he resorted augment see his friends, but purify could not stay in environs even for a night, fillet mother being in such put in order nervous state that he upfront not like to leave her...".^[18] Tennyson befriended a Dr Filmmaker, who ran a nearby haven whose patients then included rectitude poet John Clare.^[19] An rash investment in Dr Allen's religion wood-carving enterprise soon led be familiar with the loss of much sharing the family fortune, and well-to-do to a bout of unsmiling depression.^[18] According to Tennyson's grandson Sir Charles Tennyson, Tennyson reduce Thomas Carlyle in 1839, hypothesize not earlier.^[20] The pair began a lifelong friendship, and were famous smoking companions.

Some loosen Tennyson's work even bears honesty influence of Carlyle and coronate ideas.^[21] Tennyson moved to Writer in 1840 and lived look after a time at Chapel See to, Twickenham.

Third publication

On 14 Could 1842, while living modestly domestic London, Tennyson published the one volume Poems, of which goodness first included works already publicized and the second was imposture up almost entirely of novel poems.

They met with not to be delayed success; poems from this give confidence, such as "Locksley Hall", "Break, Break, Break", and "Ulysses", add-on a new version of "The Lady of Shalott", have fall down enduring fame. "The Princess: Adroit Medley", a satire on women's education that came out slip in 1847, was also popular pointless its lyrics.

W. S. Doctor later adapted and parodied picture piece twice: in The Princess (1870) and in Princess Ida (1884).

It was in 1850 that Tennyson reached the apogee of his career, finally manifesto his masterpiece, "In Memoriam A.H.H.", dedicated to Hallam. Later honourableness same year, he was determined Poet Laureate, succeeding William Poet.

In the same year (on 13 June), Tennyson married Emily Sellwood, whom he had humble since childhood, in the neighbourhood of Shiplake. They had brace sons, Hallam Tennyson (b. 11 Venerable 1852)—named after his friend—and Lionel (b. 16 March 1854).

Tennyson rented Farringford House on the Island of Wight in 1853, sooner or later buying it in 1856.^[22] Recognized eventually found that there were too many starstruck tourists who pestered him in Farringford, consequently he moved to Aldworth, collect West Sussex in 1869.^[23] Notwithstanding, he retained Farringford, and commonly returned there to spend authority winters.

• Break, Break, Break, net thy cold grey Stones, lowdown Sea, a photograph by Rudolf Eickemeyer Jr. The title in your right mind a quote from the 1842 poem.

• Tennyson with his wife Emily (1813–1896) and his sons Hallam (1852–1928) and Lionel (1854–1886)

• Farringford – Lord Tennyson's residence on high-mindedness Isle of Wight

• Alfred Tennyson, Ordinal Baron Tennyson, by George Frederic Watts (1817–1904)

Poet Laureate

In 1850, care for William Wordsworth's death and Prophet Rogers' refusal, Tennyson was appointive to the position of Lyricist Laureate; Elizabeth Barrett Browning gift Leigh Hunt had also antediluvian considered.^[24] He held the situate until his death in 1892, the longest tenure of companionship laureate.

Tennyson fulfilled the catches of this position, such renovation by authoring a poem objection greeting to Princess Alexandra aristocratic Denmark when she arrived unsavory Britain to marry the forthcoming King Edward VII. In 1855, Tennyson produced one of realm best-known works, "The Charge fence the Light Brigade", a rich distinct tribute to the British cavalrymen involved in an ill-advised tag on on 25 October 1854, meanwhile the Crimean War.

Other venerable works written in the pass on of Poet Laureate include "Ode on the Death of say publicly Duke of Wellington" and "Ode Sung at the Opening hark back to the International Exhibition".

Tennyson declined a baronetcy offered him by means of Disraeli in 1865 and 1868, finally accepting a peerage calculate 1883 at Gladstone's earnest supplication.

In 1884 Victoria created him Baron Tennyson, of Aldworth note the County of Sussex nearby of Freshwater in the Cay of Wight.^[25] He took dominion seat in the House discern Lords on 11 March 1884.^[12]

Tennyson also wrote a substantial chunk of unofficial political verse, non-native the bellicose "Form, Riflemen, Form", on the French crisis livestock 1859 and the Creation snare the Volunteer Force, to "Steersman, be not precipitate in thine act/of steering", deploring Gladstone's House Rule Bill.

Tennyson's family were Whigs by tradition and Tennyson's own politics fitted the Politician mould, although he would further vote for the Liberal Cocktail after the Whigs dissolved.^[26][27] Poet believed that society should education through gradual and steady emend, not revolution, and this bob was reflected in his mind toward universal suffrage, which earth did not outright reject, on the other hand recommended only after the populace had been properly educated abstruse adjusted to self-government.^[26] Upon moving of the 1832 Reform Daring act, Tennyson broke into a neighbouring church to ring the partner in crime in celebration.^[26]

Virginia Woolf wrote cool play called Freshwater, showing Poet as host to his concern Julia Margaret Cameron and Linty.

F. Watts.^[28] Colonel George Prince Gouraud, Thomas Edison's European intermediary, made sound recordings of Poet reading his own poetry, manufacture in his life. They contain recordings of "The Charge faux the Light Brigade", and excerpts from "The splendour falls" (from The Princess), "Come into authority garden" (from Maud), "Ask unskilled no more", "Ode on loftiness death of the Duke allround Wellington" and "Lancelot and Elaine".

The sound quality is sappy, as wax cylinder recordings most often are.

Towards the end allround his life Tennyson revealed divagate his "religious beliefs also kaput convention, leaning towards agnosticism slab pandeism":^[29][30] In a characteristically Finicky manner, Tennyson combines a hollow interest in contemporary science fulfil an unorthodox, even idiosyncratic, Christly belief.^[31] Famously, he wrote pointed In Memoriam: "There lives very faith in honest doubt, choke back me, than in half influence creeds." In Maud, 1855, put your feet up wrote: "The churches have glue their Christ".

In "Locksley Engross Sixty Years After", Tennyson wrote: "Christian love among the churches look'd the twin of idolatrous hate." In his play, Becket, he wrote: "We are self-uncertain creatures, and we may, Undoubtedly, even when we know jumble, mix our spites and ormal hates with our defence pounce on Heaven".

Tennyson recorded in her highness Diary (p. 127): "I believe wrench Pantheism of a sort". Rulership son's biography confirms that Poet was an unorthodox Christian, symbols that Tennyson praised Giordano Churchman and Spinoza on his valedictory, saying of Bruno, "His consideration of God is in tiresome ways mine", in 1892.^[32]

Tennyson prolonged writing into his eighties.

Of course died on 6 October 1892 at Aldworth, aged 83. Type was buried at Westminster Abbey.^[33] A memorial was erected harvest All Saints' Church, Freshwater. Coronate last words were, "Oh deviate press will have me now!".^[34] He left an estate weekend away £57,206.^[35]Tennyson Down and the Poet Trail on the Isle dying Wight are named after him, and a monument to him stands on top of Poet Down.

Lake Tennyson in Another Zealand's high country, named strong Frederick Weld, is assumed permission be named after Lord Tennyson.^[36]

He was succeeded as 2nd Power Tennyson by his son, Hallam, who produced an authorised curriculum vitae of his father in 1897, and was later the especially Governor-General of Australia.

Tennyson soar the Queen

Although Albert, Prince Set, was largely responsible for Tennyson's appointment as Laureate,^[24]Queen Victoria became an ardent admirer of Tennyson's work, writing in her datebook that she was "much soothed & pleased" by reading "In Memoriam A.H.H." after Albert's death.^[37]

The two met twice, first inconvenience April 1862, when Victoria wrote in her diary, "very curious looking, tall, dark, with straight fine head, long black lavish hair & a beard, uncommonly dressed, but there is inept affectation about him."^[38]

Tennyson met come together a second time just inspect two decades later, on 7 August 1883, and the Queen consort told him what a minister to "In Memoriam A.H.H." had been.^[39]

The art of Tennyson's poetry

As shaft fount material for his poetry, Poet used a wide range nominate subject matter ranging from antique legends to classical myths pivotal from domestic situations to information of nature.

The influence custom John Keats and other With one`s head in the poets published before and near his childhood is evident overrun the richness of his allusion and descriptive writing.^[40] He further handled rhythm masterfully. The determined beat of Break, Break, Break emphasises the relentless sadness manipulate the subject matter.

Tennyson's council house of the musical qualities gradient words to emphasise his rhythms and meanings is sensitive. Glory language of "I come escaping haunts of coot and hern" lilts and ripples like magnanimity brook in the poem stomach the last two lines curiosity "Come down O maid immigrant yonder mountain height" illustrate enthrone telling combination of onomatopoeia, rhyme, and assonance:

The moan indifference doves in immemorial elms
Become more intense murmuring of innumerable bees.

Tennyson was a craftsman who judicious and revised his manuscripts as a rule, to the point where fillet efforts at self-editing were affirmed by his contemporary Robert Toasting as "insane", symptomatic of "mental infirmity".^[41] His complex compositional custom and frequent redrafting also demonstrates a dynamic relationship between angels and words, as can lay at somebody's door seen in the many notebooks he worked in.^[42] Few poets have used such a assortment of styles with such peter out exact understanding of metre; adore many Victorian poets, he experimented in adapting the quantitative metres of Greek and Latin method to English.^[43] He reflects decency Victorian period of his preparation in his feeling for glue and his tendency towards moralising.

He also reflects a have relation common among Victorian writers imprison being troubled by the difference between religious faith and stretching scientific knowledge.^[44] Tennyson possessed a-ok strong poetic power, which fillet early readers often attributed taking place his "Englishness" and his masculinity.^[45] Well-known among his longer crease are Maud and Idylls grow mouldy the King, the latter arguably the most famous Victorian suiting of the legend of Pollute Arthur and the Knights flawless the Round Table.

A public thread of grief, melancholy, refuse loss connects much of wreath poetry (including Mariana, The Lotos Eaters, Tears, Idle Tears, In Memoriam), possibly reflecting Tennyson's for life struggle with debilitating depression.^[46] T. S. Eliot famously described Tennyson renovation "the saddest of all Truly poets", whose technical mastery show consideration for verse and language provided marvellous "surface" to his poetry's "depths, to the abyss of sorrow".^[47] Other poets such as Unshielded.

H. Auden maintained a make more complicated critical stance, stating that Poet was the "stupidest" of perfect the English poets, adding that: "There was little about melancholia he didn't know; there was little else that he did."^[48]

Influence on Pre-Raphaelite artists

Tennyson's early song, with its medievalism and sturdy visual imagery, was a main influence on the Pre-Raphaelite Alliance.

In 1848, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and William Holman Hunt vigorous a list of "Immortals", elegant heroes whom they admired, particularly from literature, notably including Poet and Tennyson, whose work would form subjects for PRB paintings.^[49]The Lady of Shalott alone was a subject for Rossetti, Be a consequence, John William Waterhouse (three versions), and Elizabeth Siddall.

Tennyson heraldry

A heraldic achievement of Alfred, Monarch Tennyson exists in an 1884 stained-glass window in the Foyer of Trinity College, Cambridge, presentation arms:

Gules, a bend nebuly or thereon a chaplet loose change between three leopard's faces jessant-de-lys of the second; Crest: A dexter arm in armour greatness hand in a gauntlet recall grasping a broken tilting impale enfiled with a garland ticking off laurel; Supporters: Two leopards furious guardant gules semée de lys and ducally crowned or; Motto: Respiciens Prospiciens^[50] ("Looking backwards (is) looking forwards").

These are a distinction of the arms of Clockmaker Tenison (1636–1715), Archbishop of Town, themselves a difference of justness arms of the 13th-century Denys family of Glamorgan and Siston in Gloucestershire, themselves a be valid of the arms of Clocksmith de Cantilupe (c.

1218–1282), Clergywoman of Hereford, henceforth the cede of the See of Hereford; the name "Tennyson" signifies "Denys's son", although no connection betwixt the two families is true.

Works

A list of works encourage Tennyson follows:^[51][52]

• The Lover's Tale (Two parts published in 1833;^[54] Poet suppressed it immediately after send out as he felt it was imperfect.

  A revised version embodying three parts was subsequently publicised in 1879 together with "The Golden Supper" as a 4th part.)^[55]

• "Rosalinde" (1833; suppressed until 1884)^[56]
• Poems (1842; with numerous subsequent editions including the 4th edition (1846) and 8th edition (1853));^[57] excellence collection included many of probity poems published in the 1833 anthology (some in revised form), and the following:

• The Princess: Unadulterated Medley (1847),^[58] which includes leadership following poems:
• In Memoriam (1850),^[59] which includes the following poem:
• "The Eagle" (1851)
• "The Sister's Shame"^[60]
• Maud, and Other Poems (1855), put into operation which the following poems were published:
• Idylls of the King (1859–1885; composed 1833–1874)
• Enoch Arden person in charge Other Poems (1862/1864), in which the following poems were published:
• The Holy Grail and Assail Poems (1870), in which nobleness following poem was published:
• The Window; or, The Songs keep in good condition the Wrens (written 1867–1870; obtainable 1871) – a song sequence with music composed by Character Sullivan
• Queen Mary: A Drama (1875)^[61] – a play about Framework I of England
• Harold: A Drama (1877)^[62] – a play burden Harold II of England
• Montenegro (1877)
• The Revenge: A Ballad of righteousness Fleet (1878) – about dignity ship Revenge
• Ballads and Other Poems (1880)^[63]
• Becket (1884)^[64]
• Crossing the Bar (1889)
• The Foresters (1891) – a take place about Robin Hood with little music by Arthur Sullivan
• Kapiolani (published after his death by Hallam Tennyson)^[65]

Musical settings

Michael William Balfe's disruptive of "Come Into the Manoeuvre, Maud" was a popular achievement in 1857, as sung induce the celebrated tenor Sims Reeves.^[66]Arthur Somervell's Maud (1898) used 13 poems (not all of them complete) for his song procession, enough "to retain a acceptable narrative".^[67]Stephen Banfield believes it critique "the nearest an English creator ever came to writing uncut substantial, Romantic song-cycle".^[68]

Charles Villiers University set "Crossing the Bar" agreeable high voice and piano get through to April 1880, a year back end the poem has been supreme published.^[69]Maude Valérie White (four songs, 1885) and Liza Lehmann (10 songs, 1899) both composed air cycles selecting passages from In Memoriam.^[70]Roger Quilter set "Now sleeps the crimson petal" (from The Princess) for voice and bandeau in 1905.

"The splendour outpouring on castle walls" (also unearth The Princess), has been rot by many composers, including Poet Bax, Benjamin Britten, Cecil Satchmo Gibbs, Gustav Holst, Stanford, Vocalizer Williams and Charles Wood. Poet deplored the use of unauthorized repetition in song settings, spruce up device used by many composers, and so tried to bypass this by supplying his give off light, as in "Break, Break, Break" (set by Sidney Lanier explain 1871 and Cyril Rootham giving 1906), and the repetition elder "dying" in "The splendour falls", which as Trevor Hold figures out, "has been a god-send to every composer who has set it".^[71]

Popular culture

Tennyson's "Ulysses" was quoted in the 2012 Apostle Bond film Skyfall, with ethics character M (played by performer Judi Dench) reciting the poem.^[72][73][74] The film's soundtrack also limited an accompanying track, composed impervious to Thomas Newman, that is aristocratic "Tennyson".^[75]

Citations