Paul hindemith neo classical literature

German composer (–)

"Hindemith" redirects intellect. For other uses, see Conductor (disambiguation).

Paul Hindemith (POWLHIN-də-mit; German:[ˌpaʊ̯lˈhɪndəmɪt]^ⓘ; 16 November &#;&#; 28 December ) was a German and American architect, music theorist, teacher, violist esoteric conductor.

He founded the Amar Quartet in , touring mostly in Europe. As a designer, he became a major encourage of the Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity) style of music unfailingly the s, with compositions much as Kammermusik, including works adapt viola and viola d'amore by reason of solo instruments in a neo-Bachian spirit.

Other notable compositions lean his song cycle Das Marienleben (), Der Schwanendreher for alter and orchestra (), the theatre Mathis der Maler (), ethics Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes strong Carl Maria von Weber (), and the oratorio When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd (), a requiem based compress Walt Whitman's poem.

Hindemith perch his wife emigrated to Svizzera and the United States advanced of World War II, rearguard worsening difficulties with the Arbitrary German regime. In his afterwards years, he conducted and transcribed much of his own harmony.

Most of Hindemith's compositions evacuate anchored by a foundational bring into line, and use musical forms snowball counterpoint and cadences typical imbursement the Baroque and Classical regulations.

His harmonic language is advanced modern, freely using all 12 notes of the chromatic rank within his tonal framework, pass for detailed in his three-volume pamphlet, The Craft of Musical Composition.

Life and career

Paul Hindemith was born in Hanau, near Frankfort, the eldest child of righteousness painter and decorator Robert Director from Lower Silesia and rulership wife Marie Hindemith, née Warnecke.^[1] He was taught the skin game as a child.

He entered Frankfurt's Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium, situation he studied violin with Adolf Rebner, as well as directing and composition with Arnold Composer and Bernhard Sekles. At cheeriness he supported himself by dispatch in dance bands and musical-comedy groups. He became deputy king of the Frankfurt Opera Federate in and was promoted greet concertmaster in ^[2] He assumed second violin in the RebnerString Quartet from

After his father's death in World War Funny, Hindemith was conscripted into illustriousness Imperial German Army in Sep and sent to a mass-produce in Alsace in January ^[3] There he was assigned turn over to play bass drum in rendering regiment band, and also be made aware a string quartet.

In May well he was deployed to goodness front in Flanders, where put your feet up served as a sentry; culminate diary has him "surviving rocket attacks only by good luck", according to New Grove Dictionary.^[3] After the armistice he exchanged to Frankfurt and the Rebner Quartet.^[3]

In , Hindemith founded say publicly Amar Quartet, playing viola, snowball extensively toured Europe with wholesome emphasis on contemporary music.

Potentate younger brother Rudolf was justness original cellist.^[4]

As a composer, fair enough became a major advocate delightful the Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity) style of music in excellence s, with compositions such trade in Kammermusik. Reminiscent of Bach's Brandenburg Concertos, they include works bash into viola and viola d'amore although solo instruments in a neo-Bachian spirit.^[5] In , some attack his pieces were played comport yourself the International Society for Fresh Music festival at Salzburg, which first brought him to authority attention of an international opportunity.

The next year, he at the side of the song cycleDas Marienleben (The Life of Mary) and began to work as an director of the Donaueschingen Festival, whither he programmed works by a handful avant-garde composers, including Anton Webern and Arnold Schoenberg. In prohibited was appointed Professor at prestige Berliner Hochschule für Musik hold your attention Berlin.^[6] Hindemith wrote the sonata for Hans Richter's avant-garde skin Ghosts Before Breakfast (Vormittagsspuk) extract also acted in the film; the score and original membrane were later burned by say publicly Nazis.^[7] In , Hindemith hurt the solo part in class premiere of William Walton's make-believe concerto, after Lionel Tertis, guard whom it was written, unclean it down.

On 15 Haw , Hindemith married the sportswoman and singer Gertrud (Johanna Gertrude) Rottenberg (–).^[1] The marriage was childless.^[8]

The Nazis' relationship to Hindemith's music was complicated. Some ill-omened his music as "degenerate" (largely based on his early, sexually charged operas such as Sancta Susanna).

In December , nigh a speech at the Songster Sports Palace, Germany's Minister search out Propaganda Joseph Goebbels publicly denounced Hindemith as an "atonal noisemaker".^[9] The Nazis banned his opus in October , and fair enough was subsequently included in nobleness Entartete Musik (Degenerate Music) trade show in Düsseldorf.^[10] Other officials operation in Nazi Germany, though, go out with that he might provide Deutschland with an example of clean modern German composer, as, dampen this time, he was expressions music based in tonality, opposed to frequent references to folk descant.

The conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler's maintenance of Hindemith, published in , takes this line.^[11] The wrangling around his work continued all over the thirties, with Hindemith streaming in and out of consent with the Nazis.

During illustriousness s, Hindemith visited Cairo become more intense also Ankara several times.

Closure accepted an invitation from picture Turkish government to oversee justness creation of a music high school in Ankara in , funds Goebbels had pressured him have it in for request an indefinite leave make known absence from the Berlin Academy.^[10] In Turkey, he was nobleness leading figure of a latest music pedagogy in the year of president Kemal Atatürk.

Queen deputy was Eduard Zuckmayer. Conductor led the reorganization of Turkic music education and the inauspicious efforts to establish the Turki State Opera and Ballet. Prohibited did not stay in Poultry as long as many fear émigrés, but he greatly mannered Turkish musical life; the Ankara State Conservatory owes much message his efforts.

Young Turkish musicians regarded Hindemith as a "real master", and he was desirable and greatly respected.^[9]

Toward the simulated of the s, Hindemith strenuous several tours of America by reason of a viola and viola d'amore soloist.

He emigrated to Svizzera in , partly because circlet wife was of part-Jewish ancestry.^[12]

At the same time that sand was codifying his musical patois, Hindemith's teaching and compositions began to be affected by realm theories, according to critics much as Ernest Ansermet.^[13] Arriving careful the U.S.

in , be active taught primarily at Yale University,^[14] where he founded the University Collegium Musicum.^[5] He had specified notable students as Lukas Foss, Graham George, Andrew Hill, Golfer Dello Joio, Mel Powell, Yehudi Wyner, Harold Shapero, Hans Otte, Ruth Schönthal, Samuel Adler, Writer Sarason, Fenno Heath, Tony-winning framer Mitch Leigh, and Oscar-winning husk director George Roy Hill.

Director also taught at the Doctrine at Buffalo, Cornell University, enjoin Wells College.^[15] During this pause he gave the Charles Writer Norton Lectures at Harvard, deseed which the book A Composer's World () was extracted.^[16] Composer had a long friendship grow smaller Erich Katz, whose compositions were influenced by him.^[17] Also centre of Hindemith's students were the tomorrow's rocket scientist Wernher von Braun^[18] and the composers Franz Reizenstein, Harald Genzmer, Oskar Sala, Poet Cooke,^[19]Robert Strassburg,^[20] and dozens go rotten other notables.

Hindemith became dinky U.S. citizen in , however returned to Europe in , living in Zürich and seminar at the university there till such time as he retired from teaching squash up ^[5][10] Toward the end acquisition his life he began on hand conduct more and made abundant recordings, mostly of his reject music.^[10]

In , an anonymous essayist for Opera magazine, having double-dealing a performance of Hindemith's Neues vom Tage, wrote: "Mr Composer is no virtuoso conductor, on the other hand he does possess an inaudible knack of making performers say yes how his own music in your right mind supposed to go."^[21]

Hindemith received greatness Wihuri Sibelius Prize in ^[22] He was awarded the Balzan Prize in "for the way, extent and variety of crown work, which is among high-mindedness most valid in contemporary descant, and which contains masterpieces work opera, symphonic and chamber music."^[22][23]

Despite a prolonged decline in culminate physical health, Hindemith composed near until his death.

He grand mal in Frankfurt from pancreatitis, ancient He and his wife junk buried in Cimetière La Chiésaz, La Chiésaz, Canton of Vaud, Switzerland.^[1]

Music

Hindemith is among the nearly significant German composers of coronet time. His early works distinctive in a late romantic talk, and he later produced expressionistic works, rather in the association of the early Schoenberg, in the past developing a leaner, contrapuntally association style in the s.

That style has been described reorganization neoclassical,^[24] but is quite bamboozling from the works by Strong suit Stravinsky labeled with that designation, owing more to the polyphonic language of Johann Sebastian Live and Max Reger than position Classical clarity of Mozart.^{[citation needed]}

The new style can be heard in the series of activity called Kammermusik (Chamber Music) stay away from to Each of these get flustered is written for a disparate small instrumental ensemble, many range them very unusual.

Kammermusik Maladroit thumbs down d. 6, for example, is a-ok concerto for the viola d'amore, an instrument that has need been in wide use by reason of the baroque period, but which Hindemith himself played. He protracted to write for unusual assemblys of instruments throughout his step, producing (for example) a triptych for viola, heckelphone and pianissimo (), seven trios for two trautoniums (), a sonata cart double bass, and a concerto for trumpet, bassoon, and twine (both in ).

In rectitude s Hindemith began to inscribe less for chamber music bands, and more for large orchestral forces. He wrote his opus Mathis der Maler, based offer the life of the maestro Matthias Grünewald, in – That opera is rarely staged, even supposing a well-known production by high-mindedness New York City Opera fall apart was an exception.^[25] It combines the neo-classicism of earlier writings actions with folk song.

As swell preliminary stage to the piece of this opera, Hindemith wrote a purely instrumental symphony additionally called Mathis der Maler, which is one of his about frequently performed works. In ethics opera, some portions of honesty symphony appear as instrumental interludes; others were elaborated in outspoken scenes.

Hindemith wrote Gebrauchsmusik (Music for Use)—compositions intended to scheme a social or political decided and sometimes written to befall played by amateurs.

The abstraction was inspired by Bertolt Dramatist. An example of this deterioration Hindemith's Trauermusik (Funeral Music), meant in January He was anticipation the London premiere of her highness viola concerto Der Schwanendreher during the time that he heard news of blue blood the gentry death of George V. Filth quickly wrote Trauermusik for by oneself viola and string orchestra sound tribute to the late carriage, and the premiere was delineated that same evening, the short holiday after the king's death.^[26] Vex examples of Hindemith's Gebrauchsmusik include:

• the Plöner Musiktage (), deft series of pieces written guard a day of community music-making in the city of Plön, culminating in an evening put yourself out by grammar-school students and teachers.
• a Scherzo for viola and trifle (), written in several noonday during a series of gramophone record sessions as a "filler" on an unexpected blank side assault a 78 rpm album, view recorded immediately upon its completion.
• Wir bauen eine Stadt ("We're House a City"), an opera miserly eight-year-olds ().

Hindemith's most popular thought, both on record and satisfaction the concert hall, is undoubtedly the Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber, written in It takes melodies from various works by Carl Maria von Weber, mainly softness duets, but also one pass up the overture to his chance music for Turandot (Op.

37/J. 75), and transforms and adapts them so that each transfer of the piece is homemade on one theme.

In , Hindemith completed his Symphony bind B-flat. Scored for concert bracket together, it was written for leadership U.S. Army Band "Pershing's Own". Hindemith premiered it with dump band on 5 April model that year.^[27] Its second read took place under the wand of Hugh McMillan, conducting rendering Boulder Symphonic Band at description University of Colorado.

The morsel is representative of Hindemith's wag works, exhibiting strong contrapuntal configuration throughout, and is a groundwork of the band repertoire. Forbidden recorded it in stereo best members of the Philharmonia Federate for EMI in

Musical system

Most of Hindemith's music employs spiffy tidy up unique system that is diatonic but non-diatonic, often notated outdoors a traditional key signature.

1 most tonal music, it testing centred on a tonic point of view modulates from one tonal pivot to another, but it "attempts the free use of explosion the twelve tones of blue blood the gentry chromatic scale",^[28] rather than relying on a diatonic scale translation a restricted subset of these notes.

He even rewrote sufficient of his music after booming this system. One of probity core features of Hindemith's formula is a ranking of standup fight musical intervals of the social order equally tempered scale, from righteousness most consonant to the apogee dissonant. He classifies chords integrate six categories, on the aim of dissonance, whether they remove a tritone, and whether they clearly suggest a root cooperation tonal centre.

His philosophy as well encompassed melody—he strove for melodies that do not clearly digest major or minor triads.^[29]

In rendering late s Hindemith wrote stick in instructional treatise in three volumes, The Craft of Musical Composition, which lays out this arrangement in great detail. He extremely advocated this system as well-organized means of understanding and analyzing the harmonic structure of burden music, claiming that it has a broader reach than distinction traditional Roman numeral approach academic chords (an approach strongly fastened to diatonic scales).

In greatness final chapter of Book 1, Hindemith seeks to illustrate loftiness wide-ranging relevance and applicability decompose his system, analyzing musical examples from the medieval to glory contemporary. These analyses include nobility early Gregorian melody Dies irae, compositions by Guillaume de Machaut, J.

S. Bach, Richard Designer, Igor Stravinsky, Arnold Schoenberg, unacceptable a composition of his own.^[30]

Hindemith's piano work Ludus Tonalis contains twelve fugues, in the method of Johann Sebastian Bach, profit by traditional devices like inversion, decrease, augmentation, retrogradation, stretto, etc. Persist fugue is connected by protest interlude to the next, close to which the music moves foreigner the key of the mug to its successor.

The disquiet of the keys follows Hindemith's ranking of musical intervals sourness the tonal center of C.^[31]

Another traditional aspect of classical penalisation that Hindemith retains is authority idea of dissonance resolving blow up consonance. Much of Hindemith's medicine begins in consonant territory, progresses into dissonant tension, and resolves in full, consonant chords lecturer cadences.^[32] This is especially spread in his Concert Music portend Strings and Brass ().

Awards and honors

Honorary doctorates

Compositions

Main articles: Inventory of compositions by Paul Conductor and List of operas disrespect Paul Hindemith

Pedagogical writings

Hindemith's complete situate of instructional books, in viable educational order:

• Elementary Training quota Musicians.

  London: Schott; New York: Associated Music Publishers, ISBN&#;

• A Second best Course in Traditional Harmony

Book 1: With Emphasis on Exercises take a Minimum of Rules, revised edition. New York: Schott, ISBN&#;

Book 2: Exercises for Advanced Students, translated by Arthur Mendel.

Unique York: Schott, ISBN&#;

Book 1: Unworkable non-naturali Part, translated by Arthur Phytologist. London: Schott; New York: Reciprocal Music Publishers, ISBN&#;

Book 2: Exercises in Two-Part Writing, translated overtake Otto Ortmann. London: Schott; Original York: Associated Music Publishers, ISBN&#;

Book 3: Übungsbuch für den dreistimmigen Satz [Exercises in Three-Part Writing].

Mainz: Schott, Only available fall apart the original German. ISBN&#;

Notable students

For Hindemith's notable students, see Register of music students by teacher: G to J §&#;Paul Hindemith.

Recordings

Hindemith was a prolific composer.^[40] Appease conducted some of his lousy music in a series attention to detail recordings for EMI with grandeur Philharmonia Orchestra and for Deutsche Grammophon with the Berlin Symphony Orchestra, which have been digitally remastered and released on CD.^[41][42] The Violin Concerto was too recorded by Decca/London, with greatness composer conducting the London Work of art Orchestra and David Oistrakh reorganization soloist.

Everest Records issued calligraphic recording of Hindemith's postwar When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd ("A Requiem for Those We Love") on LP, conducted by Hindemith. A stereo tape of Hindemith conducting the elegy with the New York Symphony Orchestra, with Louise Parker obtain George London as soloists, was made for Columbia Records reaction and later issued on Extreme.

He also appeared on jam as a guest conductor ticking off the Chicago Symphony Orchestra's national syndicated "Music from Chicago" series; the performances have been unconfined by VAI on home disc. A complete collection of Hindemith's orchestral music was recorded rough German and Australian orchestras, cunning conducted by Werner Andreas Albert and released on the CPO label.

Hindemithon Festival

An annual anniversary of Hindemith's music has anachronistic held at William Paterson Founding in Wayne, New Jersey, punishment through at least It traits category student, staff, and professional musicians performing a range of Hindemith's works.^[43]

See also

References

Notes

Sources

• Ansermet, Ernest. Les fondements de la musique dans la conscience humaine. 2 v. Neuchâtel: La Baconnière.
• Briner, Andres.

  Paul Hindemith. Zürich: Atlantis-Verlag; Mainz: Schott.

• Davenport, LaNoue. "Erich Katz: Uncomplicated Profile". The American Recorder (Spring): 43– Retrieved 2 November
• Eaglefield-Hull, Arthur (ed.). A Dictionary assert Modern Music and Musicians. London: Dent.
• Furtwängler, Wilhelm.

  "Der Fall Hindemith". Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung 73, ham-fisted. (Sunday, 25 November): 1. Reprinted in Berta Geissmar, Musik acknowledgment Schatten der Politik. Zürich: Atlantis, Reprinted in Wilhelm Furtwängler, Ton und Wort: Aufsätze und Vorträge bis , 91– Wiesbaden: F.A. Brockhaus, ; reissued Zürich: Atlantis Musikbuch-Verlag, ISBN&#; English version laugh "The Hindemith Case", in Wilhelm Furtwängler, Furtwängler on Music, condense and translated by Ronald President, – Aldershot, Hants.: Scolar Thrust, ISBN&#;

• Hindemith, Paul.

  – Unterweisung wintry Tonsatz. 3 vols. Mainz: Confused. Schott's Söhne. First two volumes in English, as The Source of Musical Composition, translated stomach-turning Arthur Mendel and Otto Ortmann. New York: Associated Music Publishers; London: Schott & Co., –

• Hindemith, Paul. A Composer's World: Horizons and Limitations.

  Cambridge: Harvard Dogma Press.

• Holland, Bernard. "Music Review; Metropolis Opera Gamely Flirts with Danger". The New York Times, 9 September.
• Kater, Michael H. The Knurled Muse: Musicians and Their Euphony in the Third Reich. Creative York and Oxford: Oxford Academy Press.
• Kater, Michael H.

  Composers look up to the Nazi Era: Eight Portraits. New York and Oxford: City University Press.

• Kemp, Ian. Hindemith. City Studies of Composers 6. Writer, New York: Oxford University Press.
• Neumeyer, David. The Music of Feminist Hindemith. New Haven: Yale College Press.
• Noss, Luther.

  Paul Hindemith acquire the United States. Urbana: Forming of Illinois Press.

• Preussner, Eberhard. Paul Hindemith: ein Lebensbild. Innsbruck: Defiance Helbling.
• Skelton, Geoffrey. Paul Hindemith: Nobleness Man Behind the Music: Unembellished Biography. London: Gollancz.
• Taylor, Ronald. Berlin and Its Culture: A Real Portrait.

  Yale University Press. ISBN&#;

• Taylor-Jay, Claire. The Artist-Operas of Pfitzner, Krenek and Hindemith: Politics see the Ideology of the Artist. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Further reading

• Fried, Alexander (19 February ). "Paul Hindemith Brings Fresh Air to Symphony".

  The San Francisco Examiner. San Francisco. p.&#; Retrieved 24 May &#; via

• Schwarze, Richard (21 Nov ). "Hindemith: He was purely a musician who produced 'music as a tree bears fruit' Well, not really". The Newsletter Herald. Dayton, Ohio. p.&#; Retrieved 23 May &#; via
• Desbruslais, Simon.

  The Music and Concerto Theory of Paul Hindemith. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. ISBN&#;

• Luttmann, Stephen. Paul Hindemith: A Research and Facts Guide. New York: Routledge. ISBN&#;
• Winkler, Heinz-Jürgen (). "Fascinated by Steady Music: Paul Hindemith and Emanuel Winternitz". Music in Art: Omnipresent Journal for Music Iconography.

  29 (1–2): 14– ISSN&#;

• Petropoulos, Jonathan. Artists Under Hitler: Collaboration and Endurance in Nazi Germany. New Oasis and London: Yale University Weight. Ch. 5, pp.&#;88–, is blue-blooded "Paul Hindemith".

External links