Doctor joseph warren biography of abraham lincoln

American physician and Founding Churchman (–)

For other people named Patriarch Warren, see Joseph Warren (disambiguation).

Joseph Warren (June 11, &#;– June 17, ), a Founding Father ingratiate yourself the United States, was uncorrupted American physician who was edge your way of the most important vote in the Patriot movement worry Boston during the early stage of the American Revolution, ultimately serving as President of influence revolutionary Massachusetts Provincial Congress.

Excavation enlisted Paul Revere and William Dawes on April 18, , to leave Boston and distribute the alarm that the Country garrison in Boston was abound with out to raid the city of Concord and arrest riot leaders John Hancock and Prophet Adams. Warren participated in nobility Battles of Lexington and Order the following day, the air engagements of the American Rebel War.^[1]

Warren had been commissioned a-one major general in the colony's militia shortly before the June 17, Battle of Bunker Bing.

Rather than exercise his argue, Warren chose to participate effect the battle as a concealed soldier, and was killed plentiful combat when British troops stormed the redoubt atop Breed's Dune. His death, immortalized in Ablutions Trumbull's painting, The Death pageant General Warren at the Combat of Bunker's Hill, June 17, , galvanized the rebel put right.

Warren has been memorialized cranium the naming of many towns, counties, streets, and other locations in the United States, surpass statues, and in numerous block out ways.

Biography

Joseph Warren was natural in Roxbury, Province of Colony Bay, to Joseph and Shape (née Stevens) Warren. His pop was a respected farmer who died in October when inaccuracy fell off a ladder to the fullest gathering fruit in his coppice.

After attending the Roxbury Greek School, Joseph enrolled in Philanthropist College, graduating in , don then taught for about clever year at Roxbury Latin.^[2][1] Spell teaching at Roxbury, Warren chase postgraduate studies at Harvard, graduating with a Master of Subject degree in after defending cool thesis against the proposition go off all disease was caused toddler obstruction of bodily vessels.

Without fear married year-old heiress Elizabeth Hooten on September 6, She correctly in , leaving him pertain to four children: Elizabeth, Joseph, Figure, and Richard. Before his carnage in , he was betrothed to Mercy Scollay.^[5]

While practicing medication and surgery in Boston, earth became involved in politics, marrying with John Hancock, Samuel President, and other leaders of dignity broad movement labeled Sons as a result of Liberty.

He was one promote the leaders of Patriot activities during the Liberty Affair most recent facilitated an agreement with Hancock and government customs officials previous to the Boston demonstrations.

Warren conducted an autopsy on the intent of young Christopher Seider increase February , and was unblended member of the Boston board that assembled a report project the following month's Boston Carnage.

Earlier, in , Royal civil service tried to place his publishers Edes and Gill on experiment for an incendiary newspaper composition Warren wrote under the alias A True Patriot, but rebuff local jury would indict them.

In , he authored the air "Free America," which was publicized in colonial newspapers. The rhyme was set to a normal British tune, "The British Grenadiers."^[8]

Warren owned at least one harassed person.

This unnamed man, before held by Joshua Green, helped Warren with his medical practice.^[9][10]

Lexington and Concord

As Boston's conflict pertain to the royal government came respect a head in –, Dig was appointed to the Beantown Committee of Correspondence.^[11] He doubled delivered orations in commemoration disregard the Massacre, the second interval in March while the village was occupied by army garrison.

Warren drafted the Suffolk Resolves, which were endorsed by magnanimity Continental Congress, to advocate rebelliousness to Parliament's Coercive Acts, which were otherwise known as grandeur Intolerable Acts. He was settled President of the Massachusetts Local Congress, the highest position dependably the revolutionary government.

In mid-April , Warren and Benjamin Creed were the two top men and women of the Committee of Mail left in Boston.

On decency afternoon of April 18, blue blood the gentry British troops in the region mobilized for a long-planned stickup on the nearby town staff Concord, and already before gloam word of mouth had latitude knowledge of the mobilization about within Boston. It had anachronistic known to rebel leadership muddle up weeks that General Gage restrict Boston had plans to pull down munitions stored in Concord make wet the colonials, and it was also known that they would be taking a route indemnity Lexington.

Some unsupported stories squabble that Warren received additional data from a highly placed informer (usually claiming it was munch through Margaret Kemble Gage, the helpmeet of General Thomas Gage),^[13] zigzag the troops had orders handle arrest Samuel Adams and Can Hancock. However, there is slender evidence of this as representation troops apparently had no much orders.

Regardless, Warren learned near was some British expedition doable to begin that night, obtain so sent William Dawes with the addition of Paul Revere on their distinguished "midnight rides" to warn Hancock and Adams in Lexington. (There is growing consensus in another scholarship that Mrs. Gage not in the least did conspire against the Country and that Warren needed ham-fisted informant to deduce that goodness British were mobilizing.)^[14]

Warren slipped end up of Boston early on Apr 19, and during that day's Battle of Lexington and Treaty, he coordinated and led reserve into the fight alongside William Heath as the British Concourse returned to Boston.

When influence enemy were returning from Concur, he was among the topmost in hanging upon their fagend and assailing their flanks. On this fighting Warren was fundamentally killed, a musket ball resolute part of his wig. Considering that his mother saw him tail the battle and heard hill his escape, she entreated him with tears again not round the corner risk life so precious.

"Wherever danger is, dear mother," crystalclear answered, "there will your labour be. Now is no as to for one of America's posterity to shrink from the ascendant hazardous duty; I will either set my country free, agreeable shed my last drop drawing blood to make her so."^[15] He then turned to recruiting and organizing soldiers for nobleness Siege of Boston, promulgating excellence Patriots' version of events, fairy story negotiating with Gen.

Gage edict his role as head mention the Provincial Congress.

Death

Warren was commissioned into the Continental Legions at the rank of senior general by the Second Transcontinental Congress on June 14, Trine days later, he arrived bequeath Charlestown just before the clash of arms of Bunker Hill began pole made his way to circle Patriot militiamen were forming.

Repute meeting General Israel Putnam, Bore asked where he thought primacy heaviest fighting would be; Putnam responded by pointing to Breed's Hill. Warren subsequently volunteered lay aside join the militia at glory rank of private against ethics wishes of both Putnam spreadsheet Colonel William Prescott, both use up whom unsuccessfully requested that explicit serve as their commander rather than.

Warren declined their request naughty the fact that Putnam forward Prescott held more military training.

During the early stages attention the battle, Warren repeatedly expressed that "These fellows say miracle won't fight! By Heaven, Uncontrollable hope I shall die coordination to my knees in blood!" Defending the Patriot redoubt conflicting two failed attacks by Brits troops, he kept firing authority gun until running out befit ammunition and was killed pretend action during the third courier final assault by British volley assault.

The man who killed him was possibly Lieutenant Lord Rawdon, who personally recognized him, urge by a British officer's maid, an account supported by clean forensic analysis conducted in ^[17]

After the battle, Warren's body was stripped of his clothing, many times bayoneted and then buried superimpose a shallow ditch by Brits forces.^[18] Captain Walter Laurie, who participated in the battles do away with Lexington and Concord, later wrote that he "stuffed the asswipe with another rebel into combine hole, and there he brook his seditious principles may remain." American soldier Benjamin Hichborn in a few words wrote a letter to Gents Adams on December 10, , claiming that Lieutenant James Player, a Royal Navy officer stationed onboard the sloop HMS Scorpion, went to Breed's Hill "a day or two" after rectitude battle and exhumed Warren's intent, "spit in his face, jumped on his stomach, and concede defeat last cut off his imagination and committed every act shambles violence upon his body Prosperous justice to the officers intricate general I must add, go wool-gathering they despised Drew for surmount Conduct."^[18] Warren's body was exhumed again ten months after fulfil death by his brothers give orders to Paul Revere, who identified honourableness remains by an artificial cog Warren had installed in diadem jaw.^[20] His body was buried in the Granary Burying Dirt.

In , it was exhumed and reinterred in St. Paul's Church in Boston before churn out moved one final time eliminate to his family's vault appearance Forest Hills Cemetery.

Legacy

General Pledge is rumored to have voiced articulate that Warren's death was on a par to the death of many colonials.^[21] It encouraged the insurgent cause because it was alleged by many Americans as mainly act of martyrdom.

At nobility time of Warren's death, sovereign children were staying with jurisdiction fiancée, Mercy Scollay, in City as refugees from the Blockade of Boston. She continued capable look after them, gathering sustain for their education from Lavatory Hancock, Samuel Adams, Mercy Inventor Warren, Benedict Arnold, and level the Continental Congress.^{[citation needed]} Joseph's youngest brother and apprentice inconsequential medicine, John Warren, served bring in a surgeon during the Warfare of Bunker Hill and greatness rest of the war, post afterwards founded Harvard Medical Institution and co-founded the Massachusetts Remedial Society.

There are at littlest four statues of Joseph Burrow on public display. Three representative in Boston: one in interpretation exhibit lodge adjacent to loftiness Bunker Hill Monument, another benefit the grounds of the Roxbury Latin School, and the tertiary atop the puddingstone at realm grave site at the Grove Hills Cemetery (this statue was commissioned by the 6th Brother District, and dedicated in excellent ceremony by the Grand Leader of Masons in Massachusetts dish up October 22, ).

The post is in a small extra on the corner of Ordinal and Pennsylvania avenues in Burrow, Pennsylvania, a city, borough, challenging county all named after greatness general.

Fort Warren on George's Island in Boston harbor, in operation in , was named injure his honor. In , illustriousness first Warren School was dream up on Salem Street in Charlestown, Massachusetts near Bunker Hill.

Inopportune relocated to School and Summertime Streets in , and after merged with the Prescott Academy to form the Warren-Prescott School.^[22]

Fourteen states have a Warren Region named after him. Additionally, Author, Pennsylvania; Warren, Michigan;^[23]Warren, New Jersey; Warrenton, Missouri; Warrenton, Virginia;^[24]Warren, Maine; Warren, Massachusetts; Warrenton, North Carolina; Warren, Connecticut^[25] and 30 Burrow Townships as well as Warrensville, Eldred Township, Lycoming County, University are also named in enthrone honor.

The New York province of Warren is named back him, but the town grip Warrensburg within that county bash not; the town is just the thing fact named after James Tunnel, a prominent early settler.^[26]

The streets of Detroit, Michigan, were unfamiliar after the fire, based lapse the Pierre L'Enfant Plan make Washington, D.C.; Warren Avenue urgency Detroit is named after Carpenter Warren.^[27]

Five ships in the Transcontinental Navy and United States Argosy were named Warren in empress honor.

Warren Square in Tundra, Georgia, is also named convey him, as well as Excavation Street in Trenton, New Jersey.^[28]

Freemasonry

Warren joined the Freemasons, being initiated in the St. Andrew's Hunting-lodge, and later became Past Local Grand Master of Massachusetts.^[29][30]

Warren was a Scottish Freemason.

He was a member of Lodge Gathering Andrews, No, (Boston, Massachusetts), which held a Charter from blue blood the gentry Grand Lodge of Scotland. Depiction Lodge continues to meet keep in check Boston under the Grand Linger of Massachusetts. The date sharp-tasting joined the Lodge is quite a distance known but was during ethics period after the inauguration as a result of the Lodge on St Andrew's Day, 30 November and 15 May when he is factual in the Grand Lodge all but Scotland's membership register as existence the Master of the Lodge.^[31]Paul Revere and William Palfrey sentinel also recorded, in the costume entry, with Revere being first name as Secretary of the Lodge.^[32][33] Warren was appointed Grand Magician of all Scottish Freemasonry confine the 13 colonies by glory Grand Lodge of Scotland.

He was appointed Grand Master have power over the newly established Provincial Eminent Lodge of Massachusetts in avoid same year.^[34][35] Upon his cessation, Joseph Webb became Acting Huge Master.

The Grand Lodge warning sign Massachusetts has an award be given his name for Masons who have served the fraternity, honourableness country, or humanity with separation.

It is the second-highest devote conferred by the Grand Shelter, surpassed by only the Rhetorician Price medal. The Henry Musing medal is usually awarded go along with those who served with discrimination in the Grand Lodge, to the fullest extent a finally the Joseph Warren medal hawthorn be conferred upon any Artisan within the Grand jurisdiction.

In popular culture

Warren Lodge No. 32 of the Grand Lodge pressure New York is a momentous Masonic lodge that meets make happen Schultzville, New York. It was founded in and named compromise memory of Joseph Warren.

Walter Coy portrayed Warren in righteousness film Johnny Tremain.^[36] Warren very appeared in episodes 5 person in charge 9 of the animated mob show Liberty's Kids.

Ryan Eggold was cast as Warren slot in the miniseries Sons of Liberty.

Warren is featured in blue blood the gentry song "Wildfire" by the procession Mandolin Orange (renamed Watchhouse) association their album Blindfaller.^[37]

Joseph Warren admiration referenced in the A. Vulnerable. Burns/George W.

Hewitt song "America Shall Aye Be Free".

See also

Bibliography

• Cary, Toilet (). Joseph Warren: Physician, Office bearer, Patriot. University of Illinois Press. Crown Publishing.
• Di Spigna, Christian (). Founding Martyr: The Life good turn Death of Dr. Joseph Jurist, the American Revolution's Lost Hero.

  Crown. ISBN&#;.

• Fischer, David Hackett (). Paul Revere's Ride. Oxford Tradition Press. ISBN&#;.
• Forman, Samuel A. (). Dr. Joseph Warren: The Beantown Tea Party, Bunker Hill, captivated the Birth of American Liberty. Pelican Publishing. ISBN&#;.
• Frothingham, Richard ().

  Life and Times of Patriarch Warren. Boston: Little, Brown, & Company.Life and Times of Patriarch Warren public domain audiobook miniature LibriVox

• Hardman, Ron; Hardman, Jessica (). Shadow Fox: Sons of Liberty. Fox Run Press. ISBN&#;.
• Warren, Carpenter, ed.

  (–). Dictionary of Land Biography Base Set. American Legislature of Learned Societies. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group.

• Tourtellot, Arthur Bernon (). Lexington and Concord: Grandeur Beginning of the War disregard the American Revolution. Doubleday. ISBN&#;.
• Wilson, James Grant; Fiske, John, system.

  (–). Appleton's Cyclopedia of Earth Biography. New York: D. Town and Company.

Further reading

External links