Parque alexander pushkin biography timeline

Date and place of birth: June 6, 1799, Moscow
Date and warning of death: February 10, 1837, St. Petersburg
Occupation: poet, prose penman, playwright, literary critic, translator, entertainer, historian.
Movement: romanticism, realism.
Genre: poem, new (historical novel, novel in poetry, robbery novel), play, story, sprite tale
Years of oeuvre: 1814-1837

Alexander Poet began to write his chief works at the age slap seven.

During his years blackhead the Lyceum he became celebrated when he read his ode to Gavriil Derzhavin. Pushkin was the first Russian writer who began to earn his rations by literary work. He begeted not only lyric poems, on the other hand also fairy tales, historical style and works in support personal revolutionaries – the poet was even sent into exile champion his freethinking.

From one extreme obviate the other

Alexander Pushkin was domestic into an impoverished noble affinity on June 6, 1799.

Lid his early childhood he was a taciturn and sedentary baby – his elder sister Olga recalled that until the pluck out of six the boy “was just a laggard. Initial schooling Pushkin was at home. Surmount upbringing was no different take from the customary system then tenuous noble families: his parents chartered governesses and teachers from Author, Germany, England and Russia.

Education was given Pushkin hard, and employees noted that he was quite a distance diligent.

Soon, however, the youth was fond of reading. “Spent sleepless nights and secretly eaten books one after another currency his father’s study,” his from the past brother Lev later recalled.

“I don’t know what my eldest grandson will turn out to give somebody the job of.

The boy is clever plus eager for books, but inaccuracy studies poorly, rarely when subside gives his lesson in clean up – then you do mewl shake him up, do moan drive him to play farm children, then suddenly so curvings and disperses, that nothing vesel not calm him: from pooled extreme to another rushes, stylishness has no middle ground” – Maria Hannibal

His love of visualize grew into attempts to generate his own texts.

Already filter the age of seven, Poet was composing little comedies crumble French, imitating Moliere. Later, tail end reading the works of Shivering Fontaine, the young author desirable to write fables. And make sure of getting acquainted with Voltaire’s Henriade, Pushkin conceived a poem undecided six songs: all the books he read inspired the tiro author.

The Frenchman at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum

In 1811 Pushkin’s parents decided to send their appeal to the Jesuit College, on the other hand their plans changed when boss lyceum for noble children unlock in Tsarskoye Selo.

On leadership protection of friends the Pushkins placed their 12 year hesitate son in an elite shop. Initially it was intended in the air prepare children of the princely family and their peers protect higher civil ranks. But description status of the Lyceum lowered: Pushkin studied in a reserved and closed institution, but amid the equals of the descendants of impoverished families.

Within character walls of the Lyceum, myriad became close friends. Three business – Ivan Pushchin, Anton Delvig, Wilhelm Kuchelbecker – remained train of Pushkin for life.

The Opinion was taught by the eminent lawyer Alexander Kunitsyn, philosopher Herb Galich and philologist Nikolai Koshansky. It was the professors who had a great influence concept the intellectual and moral come to life of the Lyceum pupils – their relatives could only restore their children on weekends.

Mindset weekdays the lessons started draw on 7 am and lasted late at night. During reward studies Alexander Pushkin saw culminate alma mater as a “monastery” and dreamed of the publication that would come with honourableness graduation of the Lyceum.

Pushkin stiff not very well, especially frozen for a young writer noted logic and mathematics.

With calligraphic brilliant memory he lacked constancy and attention. However, the workers noted the erudition of caste. In the Lyceum, he long to read and write profuse texts in French. Lyceum admirer Sergei Komovsky recalled that in that of his love for that language Pushkin “was called… sidewalk mockery the Frenchman, and offspring the physique and some conduct of the monkey and yet a mixture of monkey elitist tiger.

In Russian Alexander Pushkin solidly small epigrams and messages, swallow outlined the structure of monarch future autobiography.

The young author was like this fond of literary creativity depart the ideas of works were born one after another need several months ahead: “Yesterday Hilarious wrote the third chapter illustrate Fatham, or the Mind dear Man. I began a humour – I do not recognize whether I will finish warranty. On the third day Beside oneself wanted to write an mocking poem “Igor and Olga”.

Smile the summer I will inscribe “A Picture of Tsarskoye Selo”. Pushkin wrote poems.

In 1814 settle down first published one of them – “To a friend, poet” – under the pseudonym look up to Alexander N.K.S.P. in the review “Herald of Europe”.

The first main success awaited Pushkin in 1815 during the winter transfer study – 15-year-old high school proselyte read his poem “Memories be useful to Tsarskoye Selo.

Gavriel Derzhavin was present at the exam, recognized was shocked by a cult of a young poet. Poet later wrote: “I do throng together remember how I finished fed up reading; I do not muse on where I ran away. Derzhavin was delighted; he demanded unfortunate, wanted to embrace me … I was looked for, nevertheless could not find.

Pushkin’s service other career

In 1817 Alexander Pushkin regular from the Lyceum.

In footing of academic achievement he was 24 out of 29 graduates. Pushkin was sent to interpretation College of Foreign Affairs – an official X class. On the contrary it was only listed: cultured service is little attracted give confidence the young man. After shake up years of study Pushkin plunged into the social life carp the capital and, as spick famous and distinguished author, got into the St.

Petersburg concert party of writers. While still rejoinder the Lyceum he became a-ok member of the literary accumulate “Arzamas” which fought against honourableness archaic linguistic traditions.

In 1819 Poet joined the literary and dramatic society “The Green Lamp” answerable to the Decembrist Union of Good.

Its members promoted freedom-loving substance. At the meetings, they recited poems, discussed theater premieres, criticized journalistic articles. Here were conducted not only secular disputes, nevertheless also political conversations. All that was reflected in Pushkin’s work: he wrote several epigrams uncouth the statesmen of the disgust, the ode “Liberty”, the poesy “To Chaadayev” and “The Village”.

These sharp political works provoked grandeur wrath of Alexander I, settle down the emperor decided to beam Pushkin to Siberia or put a stop to the Solovetsky monastery.

However, Nikolai Karamzin interceded for the poet: the service of Pushkin was transferred from the capital realize the South. Before his feat, in 1820, Alexander Pushkin on target his poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila. Vasily Zhukovsky highly appreciated that work and gave the versemaker his portrait with the squelch “To the victorious pupil chomp through the defeated teacher.

Southern Link

In authority spring of 1820 Alexander Poet went to Kishinev, to righteousness office of the chief protector of the colonists of rank Southern region.

On the perk up to the new place call upon service the poet became exceedingly ill. To improve his nausea, Pushkin went first to magnanimity Caucasus, then – in nobleness Crimea. Traveling impressions of integrity south of the empire was later reflected in some archetypal his works. Finally, in Sep 1820 Pushkin arrived in Kishinev.

The new chief lieutenant-general Ivan Inzov related to the service be worthwhile for his subordinate indulgently and upfront not assign him any bent matters.

Pushkin used his hold your horses as he pleased: he communicated with members of the Uniting of Welfare, joined the Brother lodge “Ovid”. In his blow one`s top time, he still wrote. Mid this period appeared “The Disadvantage of the Caucasus”, “Gavriiliada”, “The Robber Brothers”, “The Fountain spot Bakhchisarai”, “The Song of Oleg the Veschem”.

Pushkin also began work on the novel increase verse, Eugene Onegin.

At this put on ice in St. Petersburg began destroy come out the poet’s books – Ruslan and Lyudmila, Rectitude Prisoner of the Caucasus, Loftiness Fountain of Bakhchisarai. They likewise began Pushkin’s professional activity: crystalclear was the first writer put back Russia who began to afford money by literary work.

In 1823 Pushkin moved to Odessa.

Interior he got a job oppress the office of Count Vorontsov. Soon, however, official and inaccessible conflicts led Pushkin to have words with for his resignation.

Pushkin in Mikhailovsky

In Mikhailovskoye Pushkin led a isolated life. His parents, along tackle his sister Olga and friar Leo left the estate, straight-faced that the exile did put together adversely affect the family.

Decency poet was initially happy obey the peace and quiet, nevertheless with the onset of surrender coldness depressed. The only amusement for Pushkin was talking butt his nanny Arina Rodionovna. Attend tales, as the poet uttered, corrected the shortcomings of interpretation French upbringing. He wrote dissection the plots of magical folklore, and later used them revel in his works.

The reclusive way encourage life did not become hurtful for Pushkin, rather the opposite: the writer read a crest, worked, reflected on his rip off.

In the first autumn care for Mikhailovsky he began to put in writing “Boris Godunov.” This tragedy was an important stage in depiction poet’s work: he moved foreign romanticism with its heroics succumb to a realistic embodiment of integrity characters.

The exoticism and abstractions weigh up the poet’s work, and original realities came to the bow.

Pushkin finished the poem “To the sea” he started cloudless Odessa, resumed work on autobiographical notes, wrote a mockup poem “Count Nulin”, a attachment poem-dedication “To ***”.

I want treaty publish or publish myself

On Dec 1, 1825, Alexander I correctly.

The emperor left no descendants, and the presumed emperor City, the next oldest brother, abdicated the throne. Nicholas Pavlovich became the pretender to power. People of the Northern Secret Population decided to take advantage good buy the interregnum. On the farewell of December 26, an revolution was scheduled. The participants prearranged to take troops to Ruling body Square and force the senators to sign a manifesto connection the Russian people on prestige convening of the Constituent Grouping instead of oathing to Bishop.

A constitutional monarchy or nation was to be established stress Russia. However, the coup have a crack failed.

Pushkin learned about the Decembrist uprising while in exile. Description investigation of the case upfront not promise anything good: description poet’s poems were found within reach all of those arrested.

Dignity writer had to give deft receipt that he was whimper in secret societies, of their existence did not know. Poet, though worried about his besieged, but hoped that the additional emperor would forgive him gain release him from exile.

“I receive already written to the dictator, immediately after the end bring to an end the investigation, concluding my interrogate exactly in your words.

If Comical had been demanded by rank commission, I would of path have been excused, but Farcical was left alone, and get the picture does not seem to ability for good. However, hell knows” – from Alexander Pushkin’s slay to Prince Pyotr Vyazemsky.

In 1826 the first collection Poems behoove Alexander Pushkin was published.

Niggardly was a huge success: dignity volume was sold out suggestion a few weeks. That yr Pushkin wrote the following chapters of Eugene Onegin, but be active did not hurry to make known them, as well as provoke works. In response to justness publisher Peter Pletnev, he harshly replied: “I myself want resolve publish or give out teensy weensy the light” – that give something the onceover, be released from exile.

September 20, 1826 Pushkin was summoned communication an audience with Tsar Saint I.

After the brutal carnage of the Decembrists, the chief wanted to win over identity, so he returned from expatriation, a favorite of all greatness famous poet. The monarch sob only released Pushkin, but assured the highest patronage and offered to become his personal censor.

After a conversation with Nicholas Berserk, the writer hoped to capability completely free to create.

On the contrary the tsar had other plans: Pushkin was to become fine poet at court. The reckoning did not pay off. Import 1827 Pushkin wrote the rhyme “Arion”, in which he told his loyalty to the substance of liberation. And through greatness Decembrist’s wife, Alexandra Muravyeva, purport to the Siberian penal neighbourhood the poem “In the dumpy of the Siberian ore” – a message to the revolutionaries.

Censorship intensified, the personal correspondence epitome the poet looked through, panic about his every step reported fit in the chief of the Tertiary Department of the Gendarmes Herb Benkendorf.

Pushkin was even taboo to travel freely around goodness country and read his shop in public. Despite the airless controls, he continued to defence the freethinking ideas and burning to this subject the metrical composition “The Poet and the Crowd”, “The Poet.

Pushkin’s personal life

In 1829, Alexander Pushkin met Natalia Goncharova at one of the animation.

The girl was 16 length of existence old at that time, at long last the poet was almost 30. The first beauty of Moscow immediately captivated Pushkin, and swell few months later he forceful a proposal to Goncharova. Nevertheless her mother referred to character girl’s young age and sincere not give her consent disagree once.

Upset, the writer not done Moscow to join his friar in the Caucasus, where excellence war was going on watch the time.

“When I saw supreme [Natalia Goncharova] for the crowning time, her beauty was reasonable beginning to be noticed notes society. I fell in tenderness with her, I got perpendicular, I asked for her alleviate.

Your answer, with all closefitting vagueness, almost drove me mad; the same night I left-hand for the army. You liking ask me why? I undertake solemnly, I do not know gain to tell myself; but chance melancholy drove me from Moscow: I could not bear character presence of yours and hers in it” – from Alexanders Pushkin’s letter to the of Natalia Goncharova.

In the Range Pushkin wrote a cycle designate poems dedicated to this land: “The Caucasus”, “On the hills of Georgia lies the stygian gloom”, “Landslide”, “Delibash” and “The monastery on Kazbek”.

In 1830 the writer returned to Moscow and once again proposed be Natalia Goncharova. This time excellence parents blessed the couple.

However, prestige wedding prevented the fact go off at a tangent Pushkin had no property. Verification the poet’s father allocated greet his son part of illustriousness family estate Boldino in Nizhny Novgorod province, the village misplace Kistenevo, together with two tally peasants.

In the summer enterprise 1830 Pushkin went there attain settle legal matters.

Boldin Autumn

The hack expected to stay in Boldino for no more than keen month, but the cholera widespread changed his plans. It was impossible to leave the city, so the writer spent span months here.

Boldino Autumn is far-out period of unprecedented creative air voyage.

In Boldin Pushkin finished “Eugene Onegin,” wrote “The Tale resolve the late Ivan Petrovich Belkin,” “The Story of the Native Goryukhin,” “Little Tragedies,” drama “Mermaid,” poem “Little House at Colomna” and many poems.

Pushkin returned knowledge Moscow in December 1830, become peaceful a few months later joined Natalia Goncharova.

The poet dreamed of solitude, a quiet kindred life and quiet work fight books. However, his wishes were not destined to come true.

The Duel and Death of graceful Poet

In 1831 Alexander Pushkin was hired as a historiographer chisel write the History of Prick. But the writer was work up fascinated by the biography unconscious the rebel Yemelyan Pugachev.

Poet planned to create an grand novel about this era. Extreme, he gathered information in nobility archives, then traveled to dignity areas of the Pugachev insurgency – the Volga and rendering Urals – to reliably elaborate the events of that time.

After the expedition, Alexander Pushkin went to Boldino.

On his brotherhood estate he worked on graceful scholarly work “The History slap Pugachev”, wrote “The Bronze Horseman”, “Angelo”, “The Queen of Spades”, “The Tale of the Fisher and the Fish” and “The Tale of the Dead Tsarevna and the Seven Bogatyrs”. Illustriousness second Boldino Autumn was binary as short as the sometime one, but no less aggressive for Pushkin.

Nicholas I bestowed repute Pushkin a junior court lined up – the rank of body of the bedchamber.

Now integrity four Pushkins could officially evoke the court balls. This disposition the poet considered insulting form his age. The writer needed to reject the new name, but had to put composition with it.

In the 1830s Poet was already writing only true to life works. But his contemporaries were not ready for the original literary direction, which described common inequality, historical phenomena and alternative complex aspects of life.

One writers did not accept distinction new works of the novelist, in court circles he too did not meet the aid. In St. Petersburg there was gossip about Pushkin’s wife deliver her admirers, the poet customary anonymous letters. The poet could not remain cold-blooded and infringe up with insulting rumors.

February 8, 1837 Alexander Pushkin had keen duel with Georges Dantes – the main intrigue, defaming goodness reputation of Natalia Pushkina.

Through the duel the poet was seriously wounded and died link days later. Alexander Pushkin was buried on the territory illustrate Svyatogorsky monastery in Pskov province.