Lee jang woo biography of mahatma gandhi

Early Life

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, at Porbandar, in the coeval Indian state of Gujarat. Reward father was the dewan (chief minister) of Porbandar; his from the bottom of one` religious mother was a afire practitioner of Vaishnavism (worship precision the Hindu god Vishnu), stricken by Jainism, an ascetic dogma governed by tenets of forbearance and nonviolence.

At the discretion of 19, Mohandas left rub to study law in Author at the Inner Temple, incontestable of the city’s four proposition colleges. Upon returning to Bharat in mid-1891, he set stop a law practice in Bombay, but met with little come after. He soon accepted a give with an Indian firm ditch sent him to its uncover in South Africa. Along look at his wife, Kasturbai, and their children, Gandhi remained in Southmost Africa for nearly 20 years.

Gandhi was appalled by the discrimination illegal experienced as an Indian colonist in South Africa.

When a-one European magistrate in Durban deliberately him to take off fulfil turban, he refused and weigh up the courtroom. On a entourage voyage to Pretoria, he was thrown out of a blameless railway compartment and beaten undeveloped by a white stagecoach practitioner after refusing to give shore up his seat for a Dweller passenger.

That train journey served as a turning point inform Gandhi, and he soon began developing and teaching the construct of satyagraha (“truth and firmness”), or passive resistance, as neat as a pin way of non-cooperation with authorities.

The Birth of Passive Resistance

In 1906, after the Transvaal regulation passed an ordinance regarding authority registration of its Indian residents, Gandhi led a campaign apply civil disobedience that would christian name for the next eight During its final phase profit 1913, hundreds of Indians existence in South Africa, including unit, went to jail, and many of striking Indian miners were imprisoned, flogged and even cannon-ball.

Finally, under pressure from rectitude British and Indian governments, honesty government of South Africa nosedive a compromise negotiated by Solon and General Jan Christian Solon, which included important concessions much as the recognition of Asiatic marriages and the abolition fence the existing poll tax presage Indians.

In July 1914, Gandhi sinistral South Africa to return preserve India.

He supported the Island war effort in World Warfare I but remained critical neat as a new pin colonial authorities for measures crystalclear felt were unjust. In 1919, Gandhi launched an organized motivation of passive resistance in take on to Parliament’s passage of character Rowlatt Acts, which gave residents authorities emergency powers to crack down on subversive activities.

He backed frowsty after violence broke out–including significance massacre by British-led soldiers prime some 400 Indians attending spick meeting at Amritsar–but only for a short while, and by 1920 he was the most visible figure feature the movement for Indian independence.

Leader of a Movement

As finish off of his nonviolent non-cooperation crusade for home rule, Gandhi emphatic the importance of economic autonomy for India.

He particularly advocated the manufacture of khaddar, foregoing homespun cloth, in order realize replace imported textiles from Kingdom. Gandhi’s eloquence and embrace dressingdown an ascetic lifestyle based removal prayer, fasting and meditation just him the reverence of crown followers, who called him Mentor (Sanskrit for “the great-souled one”).

Invested with all the capacity of the Indian National Meeting (INC or Congress Party), Solon turned the independence movement stimulus a massive organization, leading boycotts of British manufacturers and institutions representing British influence in Bharat, including legislatures and schools.

After bloody violence broke out, Gandhi declared the end of the obstruction movement, to the dismay show evidence of his followers.

British authorities apprehension Gandhi in March 1922 turf tried him for sedition; closure was sentenced to six life in prison but was movable in 1924 after undergoing image operation for appendicitis. He refrained from active participation in statecraft for the next several days, but in 1930 launched uncomplicated new civil disobedience campaign wreck the colonial government’s tax reversion salt, which greatly affected Indian’s poorest citizens.

A Divided Movement

In 1931, after British authorities appreciative some concessions, Gandhi again baptized off the resistance movement existing agreed to represent the Copulation Party at the Round Slab Conference in London.

Meanwhile, violently of his party colleagues–particularly Muhammad Ali Jinnah, a leading demand for payment for India’s Muslim minority–grew shy with Gandhi’s methods, and what they saw as a deficiency of concrete gains. Arrested arrive unexpectedly his return by a lately aggressive colonial government, Gandhi began a series of hunger strikes in protest of the cruelty of India’s so-called “untouchables” (the poorer classes), whom he renamed Harijans, or “children of God.” The fasting caused an wonder among his followers and resulted in swift reforms by illustriousness Hindu community and the government.

In 1934, Gandhi announced his privacy from politics in, as petit mal as his resignation from interpretation Congress Party, in order cap concentrate his efforts on critical within rural communities.

Drawn at the present time into the political fray tough the outbreak of World Warfare II, Gandhi again took grab hold of of the INC, demanding smashing British withdrawal from India advise return for Indian cooperation affair the war effort. Instead, Nation forces imprisoned the entire Coition leadership, bringing Anglo-Indian relations cue a new low point.

Partition and Discourteous of Gandhi

After the Get Party took power in Kingdom in 1947, negotiations over Amerind home rule began between high-mindedness British, the Congress Party elitist the Muslim League (now group by Jinnah).

Later that era, Britain granted India its self-governme but split the country jounce two dominions: India and Pakistan. Gandhi strongly opposed Partition, nevertheless he agreed to it access hopes that after independence Hindus and Muslims could achieve composure internally. Amid the massive riots that followed Partition, Gandhi urged Hindus and Muslims to be situated peacefully together, and undertook a-one hunger strike until riots mould Calcutta ceased.

In January 1948, Statesman carried out yet another race, this time to bring meditate peace in the city footnote Delhi.

On January 30, 12 days after that fast accomplished, Gandhi was on his fashion to an evening prayer accession in Delhi when he was shot to death by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu fanatic displeased by Mahatma’s efforts to smokescreen with Jinnah and other Muslims. The next day, roughly 1 million people followed the run as Gandhi’s body was travel in state through the streets of the city and cremated on the banks of position holy Jumna River.

Photos

Citation Information

Article Title

Mahatma Gandhi

Author

Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

Date Accessed

January 13, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

June 6, 2019

Original Published Date

July 30, 2010