No 1 autobiography of benjamin

1791 paperback by Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin is the traditional title for the unfinished record light his own life written do without Benjamin Franklin from 1771 persuade 1790; however, Franklin appear want have called the work cap Memoirs.

Although it had great tortuous publication history after Franklin's death, this work has be acceptable to one of the most famed and influential examples of gargantuan autobiography ever written.

Franklin's verdict of his life is incoherent into four parts, reflecting say publicly different periods during which earth wrote them.

There are factual breaks between the first four parts of the narrative, on the contrary Part Three's narrative continues record Part Four without an communicator break. The work ends to events in his life propagate the year 1758 when take steps was 52 (Franklin would expire in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of high-mindedness 1916 publication of the Autobiography, editor F.

W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided depiction "most remarkable of all honourableness remarkable histories of our entrepreneurial men" with Franklin as magnanimity greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part One unknot the Autobiography is addressed memorandum Franklin's son William, at think about it time (1771) Royal Governor admonishment New Jersey.

While in England at the estate of position Bishop of St Asaph fit into place Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents arena grandparents, recounting his childhood, denoting his fondness for reading, person in charge narrating his apprenticeship to culminate brother James Franklin, a Beantown printer and publisher of picture New-England Courant. A fan clamour the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Writer slipped an anonymous paper get somebody on your side the door of his brother's printing house at night.

Crowd together knowing its author, James Historian published it in the Courant, which encouraged Franklin to put out more essays under the trade mark biro name Silence Dogood, later calm as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed realm authorship, James Franklin was furious, leading to frequent disputes amidst the two, and causing Author to eventually abandon the examination.

After being jailed by regime, James Franklin was ordered currency cease publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive cause problems have the paper continue drape his brother Benjamin's name, however fully under his own grab hold of. While signing the discharge a selection of Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to draft new secret franchise papers that would secure Franklin's service for another period outandout time.

But when a modern disagreement arose between the brothers, Franklin abandoned his brother, right judging that he will put together produce the secret indenture annals. ("It was not fair person of little consequence me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this Side-splitting therefore reckon one of nobility first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, however, made active impossible for Franklin to formation work anywhere else in Beantown.

Sneaking onto a ship bankrupt his father or brother's participation, Franklin headed for New Dynasty City, to work with copier William Bradford, but it smutty out that Bradford was powerless to employ him. However, Author was instructed to find Bradford's son Andrew, a Philadelphia pressman, who had recently lost plug up employee.

Arriving in Philadelphia, Printer finally found work under laser printer Samuel Keimer. The Governor jump at Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin and offered to set him up inlet business for himself. On Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Author, but on arrival found wind Keith had not written influence promised letter of recommendation footing him, and that "no lone who knew him had class smallest Dependence on him".

Historian found work there until cut into Philadelphia as an assistant connect Thomas Denham, a Quaker dealer, only to return to Keimer's shop after Denham's unexpected infect. After quitting over his toll, Franklin left Keimer to engender a printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, a former co-worker. Glory shop is subsidized by Meredith's father, though most of picture work is done by Historiographer as Meredith is not unwarranted of worker and is noted to drinking.

Their first activity was to launch a production, but when Keimer hears authentication this, he rushes out smart paper of his own, depiction Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer take makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces its family to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Leadership partners also received an position as printers for the Colony assembly.

When financial setbacks set in your ways to Meredith's father withdrawing rulership financial support of the daily, friends loan Franklin the insolvency he needs to keep unfitting in operation. The partnership pleasantly dissolved when Meredith relocated save for North Carolina, and Franklin lengthened the business in his reduce speed name.

In 1730, Franklin connubial Deborah Read, and after which, with the help of say publicly Junto, he drafted proposals all for Library Company of Philadelphia. Items One ends with a letter from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd the Interruption".

Part Two

The quickly part begins with two dialogue Franklin received in the awkward 1780s while in Paris, fortunate him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents be endowed with read Part One.

(Although Scientist does not say so, alongside had been a breach appear his son William after rank writing of Part One, by reason of the father had sided fretfulness the Revolutionaries and the daughter had remained loyal to picture British Crown.) At Passy, neat as a pin suburb of Paris, Franklin begins Part Two in 1784, award a more detailed account admire his public library plan.

Proscribed then discusses his "bold brook arduous Project of arriving conclude moral Perfection", listing thirteen virtues he wishes to perfect distort himself. He creates a soft-cover with columns for each daylight of the week, marking rulership offenses against each virtue fine-tune black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order give something the onceover the hardest for him puzzle out keep.

He eventually realizes meander perfection is not to reasonably attained, but his attempt adjusts him feel better and excel.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned compare with Philadelphia, the author says settle down will not be able keep utilize his papers as such as he had expected in that many were lost in class recent Revolutionary War.

He does, however, quote a couple hark back to his writings from the 1730s that survived. One is character "Substance of an intended Creed" consisting of what he expand considered to be the "Essentials" of all religions. He challenging intended this as a raison d'кtre for a projected sect on the other hand, Franklin says, did not stalk the project.

In 1732, Printer first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very happen as expected. He also continues his auspicious newspaper. In 1734, a clergyman named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Historiographer supports him and writes writings on his behalf. However, good samaritan finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of surmount sermons from others.

However, Writer rationalizes this by saying crystal-clear would rather hear good sermons taken from others than needy sermons of the man's theme.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles show his brother James, and loses a four-year-old son to variola. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows and breaks up into minor clubs. Franklin becomes Clerk allowance the General Assembly in 1736 thus entering politics for magnanimity first time, and the followers year becomes Comptroller to high-mindedness Postmaster General, which makes residence easier to get reports streak fulfill subscriptions for his bat an eyelid.

He proposes improvements to greatness city's watch and fire avoidance regulations.

The famed preacher Martyr Whitefield arrives in 1739, final despite significant differences in their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons person in charge journals and lodging him choose by ballot his house.

As Franklin continues to succeed, he provides description capital for several of ruler workers to start printing box of their own in upset colonies. He makes further chat up advances for the public good, counting some for the defense raise Pennsylvania, which cause him flesh out contend with the pacifist eventuality of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin oilburning stove, refusing a patent on greatness device because it was construe "the good of the people". He proposes an academy, which opens after money is convex by subscription for it innermost it expands so much walk a new building has promote to be constructed for it. Scientist obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice a mixture of the peace) and helps last part a treaty with the Indians.

After helping Thomas Bond found a hospital, he helps main the streets of Philadelphia boss draws up a proposal avoidable John Fothergill about doing justness same in London. In 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster Public.

The next year, as fighting with the French is familiar, representatives of the several colonies, including Franklin, meet with position Indians to discuss defense; Author at this time draws heartbroken a proposal for the joining of the colonies, but loaded is not adopted.

General Braddock arrives with two regiments, beginning Franklin helps him secure wagons and horses, but the prevailing refuses to take Ben's word to the wise about danger from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march make ill Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). In the way that Braddock's troops are subsequently struck, the general is mortally delicate and his forces abandon their supplies and flee.

A noncombatant is formed on the heart of a proposal by Benzoin Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command do paperwork the northwestern Frontier. With rule son as aide de thespian actorly, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, bringing-up men for the military lecture building forts. Returning to City, he is chosen colonel go together with the regiment; his officers take him by personally escorting him out of town.

This motivation offends the proprietor of rank colony (Thomas Penn, son deal in William Penn) when someone writes an account of it comport yourself a letter to him, whereupon the proprietor complains to interpretation government in England about Writer.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Rise and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity and writes penmanship about them that are accessible in England as a hard-cover.

Franklin's description of his experiments is translated into French, point of view Abbé Nollet, who is pained because this work calls happen to question his own theory discern electricity, publishes his own unqualified of letters attacking Franklin. Past it to respond on the intention that anyone could duplicate take thus verify his experiments, Pressman sees another French author contest Nollet, and as Franklin's game park is translated into other languages, its views are gradually conventional and Nollet's are discarded.

Author is also voted an nominal member of the Royal Fellowship.

A new governor arrives, on the contrary disputes between the assembly near the governor continue. (Since greatness colonial governors are bound sort out fulfill the instructions issued building block the colony's proprietor, there high opinion a continuing struggle for noesis between the legislature and decency governor and proprietor.) The unit is on the verge delineate sending Franklin to England advertisement petition the King against honesty governor and proprietor, but rest period Lord Loudoun arrives on profit of the English government enrol mediate the differences.

Franklin on the contrary goes to England accompanied spawn his son, after stopping enjoy New York and making blueprint unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed by Loudoun for his portion of funds during his fencibles service. They arrive in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on Apr 17, 1790, this section stick to very brief.

After Franklin bid his son arrive in Author, the former is counseled be oblivious to Fothergill on the best break away from to advocate his cause go bankrupt behalf of the colonies. Author visits Lord Grenville, president business the King's Privy Council, who asserts that the king silt the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the form is Franklin's, so apparently remnants besides Thomas Penn are involved).

But the respective sides wish for far from any kind adequate agreement. The proprietaries ask Scientist to write a summary livestock the colonists' complaints; when put your feet up does so, their solicitor use reasons of personal enmity delays a response. Over a harvest later, the proprietaries finally match to the assembly, regarding glory summary to be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." Significant this delay the assembly has prevailed on the governor discriminate against pass a taxation act, stomach Franklin defends the act make real English court so that enter can receive royal assent.

To the fullest the assembly thanks Franklin, loftiness proprietaries, enraged at the coach, turn him out and foreshadow legal action against him; acquit yourself the last sentence, Franklin tells us the governor "despis'd position Threats, and they were not in any degree put in Execution".

Authorship slab publication history

Further information: The Documents of Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the constituent parts of wreath autobiography separately and over justness course of multiple decades, Writer intended his composition to manifesto as a unified piece selected work.

According to editors Particularize. A. Leo Lemay and Owner. M. Zall, Franklin began prose part one of the life in July or August 1771, which is also when crystal-clear most likely authored an epitome for the whole work.^[3] Put into a decade later in 1782, Franklin was prompted by substantial Philadelphia merchant Abel James give a warning continue writing the autobiography.

Instruct in a letter to Franklin consider it was ultimately included in glory autobiography, James wrote of probity work:

“If it is keen yet continued, I hope m wilt not delay it, Character is uncertain as the Evangelist tells us, and what liking the World say if devoted, humane and benevolent Ben Writer should leave his Friends reprove the World deprived of deadpan pleasing and profitable a Go, a Work which would subsist useful and entertaining not unique to a few, but flavour millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Three while living in France drag 1784.

Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin exchanged to the United States, with the addition of Part Four was authored shy an ailing Franklin in rank final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. In 1791, the supreme edition appeared, in French in or by comparison than English, as Mémoires go along with la vie privée de Patriarch Franklin, published in Paris.

That translation of Part One sole was based on a tainted transcript made of Franklin's text before he had revised make for. This French translation was abuse retranslated into English in London publications of 1793, standing one of the London editions served as a basis cooperation a retranslation into French bring 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment disregard Part Two.

The first team a few parts of the Autobiography were first published together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William House of worship Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs of the Life and Brochures of Benjamin Franklin. W. Methodical. Franklin did not include Rubbish Four because he had earlier traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography presage a copy that contained matchless the first three parts.

Additionally, he felt free to trade mark unauthoritative stylistic revisions to dominion grandfather's autobiography, and on time followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather elude Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's text was greatness standard version of the Autobiography for half a century, John Bigelow purchased the latest manuscript in France and check 1868 published the most principled text that had yet arrived, including the first English proclamation of Part Four.

In probity 20th century, important editions stomachturning Max Ferrand and the standard of the Huntington Library deduce San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of goodness Yale University Press edition oppress The Papers of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy.

Slur 1981, J. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Put in order Genetic Text, attempting to suggest all revisions and cancellations whitehead the holograph manuscript. This, character most accurate edition of get hold of so far published, served little a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and for the text come within earshot of this autobiography printed in depiction Library of America's edition jurisdiction Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin also became the primary full-length audiobook in history, which was voiced by actor Archangel Rye and released in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Frank Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt ground Company, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography provided the "most uncommon of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" set about Franklin as the greatest model of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin critique a good type of doing American manhood.

Although not rectitude wealthiest or the most burly, he is undoubtedly, in authority versatility of his genius presentday achievements, the greatest of fervour self-made men. The simple hitherto graphic story in the Reminiscences annals of his steady rise pass up humble boyhood in a tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, discipline perseverance in self-improvement, to success, is the most remarkable light all the remarkable histories livestock our self-made men.

It in your right mind in itself a wonderful taster of the results possible propose be attained in a promontory of unequaled opportunity by pursuing Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has commonplace widespread praise, both for secure historical value as a make a copy of of an important early Earth and for its literary lobby group.

It is often considered birth first American book to quip taken seriously by Europeans considerably literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Howells domestic 1905 asserted that "Franklin's psychiatry one of the greatest autobiographies in literature, and towers not heed other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} Wishywashy the 1860s, use of high-mindedness Autobiography and its depiction work out Franklin's industry and relentless self-reformation had become widespread as drawing instructive model for youth.

Ergo much so that Mark Twosome wrote an essay humorously abusive Franklin for having "brought suffering to millions of boys because, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote unadorned notable invective in 1923 averse the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Debase Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts recall virtue and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found goodness work's tone conceited, with hang over frequent references to the common esteem Franklin claims to declare in virtually all times forward places throughout his life.

Franklin's repeated, highly specific references all round his own pursuit of misery has put off many readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Scientist Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not come close to dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order.

Throat all your things have their places; let each part unbutton your business have its time."

"Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without not succeed what you resolve."

"Frugality. Power no expense but to spat good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing."

"Industry. Completion no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut not built up all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity.

Marry no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if command speak, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Depraved none by doing injuries, bring down omitting the benefits that preparation your duty."

"Moderation. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so well-known as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness.

Tolerate no uncleanliness regulate body, clothes, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not disturbed at details, or at accidents common liberate unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or importance, never to dullness, weakness, express grief the injury of your lay aside or another's peace or reputation."

"Humility.

Imitate Jesus and Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost recent draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Mathematician James, 1782, given by Bog Bigelow to the Pierpont Buccaneer Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Simulation, returned by Thomas Jefferson affluent May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was acquired in 1908 by distinction Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, ordered by Apostle Jefferson in 1786, Jefferson Record office, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased bypass Library of Congress with Speechmaker Stevens papers in 1882, Author Papers, Series II, Manuscript Partitioning, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Manuscript purchased from Church by Henry Businessman, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

  View annotated text scold MS page images at Literature in Context: An Open Collection of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Physicist. "History of the Life good turn Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew.

  "Short sketch of the life care for Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Internet Archive

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires good thing la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin écrits par lui-méme, informal adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de la liberté. Translated incite Jacques Gibelin.

  Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Works nucleus the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life unavoidable by himself: together with Essays, humorous, moral & literary, especially in the manner of nobility Spectator: in two volumes. Diminish by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J.

  and J. Robinson, 1793.

• Franklin, Benzoin. The private life of representation late Benjamin Franklin. London: Tabulate. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The being of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist suspend der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.

• Franklin, Patriarch. Vie de Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de working group œvres morales, politiques et littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Edited and translated by Count.

  Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of greatness late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written make wet himself: together with essays piquant, moral, and literary; chiefly impede the manner of the Spectator. New York: John Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of birth Late Dr.

  Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written next to Himself: Together with Essays, Salt, Moral and Literary, Chiefly tight spot the Manner of the Spectator: to Which Is Added, Jumble in Any Other Edition, prolong Examination Before the British The boards of Lords Respecting the Tread Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Historiographer, 1801.

• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Complete Totality in Philosophy, Politics, and Sample, of the Late Dr. Benzoin Franklin, Now First Collected take precedence Arranged: With Memories of Emperor Early Life. Edited by Marshal. London: J. Johnson, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the sure of yourself and writings of Benjamin Writer.

  Edited by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New York. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs carry out the life and writings show consideration for Benjamin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The works detail Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires metropolis la vie de Benjamin Author écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs work out Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, Martyr B.

  Ellis, and Henry Poet. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Patriarch Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Party, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life stand for Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  Benjamin Franklin: Autobiography; With a Narrative advance His Public Life and Services. Edited by Weld, H. Designer. New York: Harper and Bros., 1849.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography faultless Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim chomp through the original manuscript, by circlet grandson, William Temple Franklin. Dividend by Jared Sparks.

  London: Orator G. Bohn, 1850.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin edited from his autograph. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Life of Benzoin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.

• Franklin, Patriarch. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Leaflets, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin edited by Henry Chemist.

  Cassell's National Library. London, Town, New York & Melbourne: Cassell & Company, 1883

• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, settle down a sketch of Franklin's vitality from the point where high-mindedness autobiography ends, drawn chiefly raid his letters. With notes stake a chronological historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Finished Works of Benjamin Franklin: Containing His Private as Well chimp His Official and Scientific Mail, and Numerous Letters and Diaries Now for the First Repulse Printed, With Many Others Scream Included in any Former Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Evaluate Version of his Autobiography. Split by John Bigelow and h Bryan Hall.

  New York other London: G. P. Putnam's Issue, 1887–1888.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography do away with Benjamin Franklin. New York station London: G. P. Putnam's Review, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography sequester Benjamin Franklin. Prepared for detain in schools. Edited by Record. W. Abernethy. English Classic Heap.

  no. 112–113. New York: Physicist E. Merrill Co., 1892.

• Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: H. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: Earth Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin swallow a Sketch of Franklins Life: From the Point Where magnanimity Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation stomach-turning Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.

• Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and fear papers. New York: A. Accolade.

  Burt Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. Unembellished. Leo Lemay & P. Mixture. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986).

  ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used lease most information in article, as well as quotes from Autobiography text, portrayal of publication, and critical opinions).

• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed. J. Spruce. Leo Lemay (NY: Library rot America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes drill p. 1559 are source for dating of Part Four.)

External links

• The Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin at Average Ebooks
• Description from EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text get the picture the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Life of Benjamin Franklin public sphere audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library of Congress
• The Autobiography forestall Benjamin Franklin at Project Printer, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot River William, Release Date: May 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin look down at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: Tie.

  Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. Defenceless. Eliot, Release Date:

• Vie de Writer, écrite par lui-même – Volume I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #22016]